Hyalinizing Cholecystitis: A Rare Subtype of Chronic Cholecystitis

Hyalinising cholecystitis is rare form of chronic cholecystitis. It comprises about 1.6% of the cholecystectomy specimens. Hyalinising cholecystitis is said to be associated with risk of gallbladder cancer. We hereby present a case of a 54-year-old woman who came with chief complain of pain in right upper abdomen. She was diagnosed as a case of chronic cholecystitis on ultrasonography. For this the patient underwent cholecystectomy during which the gallbladder was removed. The final diagnosis of hyalinising cholecystitis was given on histopathology.

Tuberculosis of Gallbladder A Case Report

Gall bladder is considered a rare site for occurrence of tuberculosis and is usually found in association with gallstones or cystic duct obstruction. The diagnosis is very difficult prior to surgery unless there is strong suspicion of tuberculosis, with the confirmation being possible only after histopathological examination of gall bladder. Here we present a case of gall bladder tuberculosis in a 40-year-old female, who came with symptoms of chronic cholecystitis due to gallstones. Ultrasound of abdomen revealed a single gall stone located in the fundal region. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and was treated with anti-tubercular drugs. .

Epidermoid Cyst of The Tonsil: A Rare Finding

Epidermoid cysts are benign developmental cyst with a low incidence in the head and neck region of approximately 2%.  The various locations where the cyst can arise are sublingual, submental, submandibular, buccal mucosa and very rarely the tonsils. Here we present an epidermoid cyst of left tonsil which was incidentally detected in a patient diagnosed of chronic tonsilitis.

A lesion on lip – Hemangioma with Chronic Granuloma.

Infections as well as tumours and tumour-like conditions are common in the oral cavity. While hemangiomas are benign vascular tumours which may be encountered in any part of the body, granulomatous infections are unusual in the mouth. We discuss below the rare occurrence of a hemangioma on the lip which was associated with a chronic granuloma.

Diagnostic Approach to Thyroid Nodules.

Derangement of thyroid function is a common clinical problem, with variable clinical presentations ranging from subtle, incidentally discovered disorders to overt disease, with frank disturbances of hormone levels and visible thyroid enlargement. In addition, there are the autoimmune thyroid disorders, and the neoplastic enlargements which result in palpable nodules. A large amount of new information has become available in recent times. They provide a comprehensive approach to diagnosis of thyroid nodules, ranging from initial evaluation, clinical and ultrasound criteria for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, interpretation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy results, and their management. Recommendations regarding the initial management of thyroid cancer include those relating to optimal surgical management, radioiodine remnant ablation, and suppression therapy using levothyroxine. Recommendations related to long-term management of differentiated thyroid cancer include those related to surveillance for recurrent disease using ultrasound and serum thyroglobulin as well as those related to management of recurrent and metastatic disease. We went through the published literature available electronically and assessed the various studies and their results. The results were reviewed carefully and interpreted in order to analyse the approach to diagnosis of thyroid swellings, especially in the Indian context. Although a detailed review is outside the scope of this paper, we will attempt to discuss some of these guidelines, especially in light of the scenario in our region.